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Esfahan is the third-largest city in Iran, after Tehran and Mashhad. It is one of the ancient cities of Iran which is located at the center, 414 Km south of Tehran and 481 Km north of Shiraz, and lies on foothills of Zagros mountain ranges.Historians have come to record Espahan, Sepahan or Esfahan as a defense and military base. This 2500-year old city was Persia's capital from 1599 to 1722.It sometimes is called Nesf-e-Jahan to express the city’s grandeur. "Who can claim to have seen the most beautiful city of the world without having seen Isfahan?" André Malraux said. This city is filled with historical landmarks for its architectural splendor and is famous for its fascinating monuments and architectural wonders, hand crafted carpets, silver filigree and metal works. It is one of the ancient cities of Iran and is the most important tourism centers not only in Iran but also in the world because of its great historical attractions like gardens, squares, palaces and stone bridges and that’s why it is called “cultural capital of the Islamic World” during the present century.Historians and the archeologists concentrating on the Iranian culture and history usually compare Esfahan with important cities such as Beijing, Rome and Florence In general, the city of Esfahan enjoys a moderate and dry climate with four distinct seasons. The temperature ranges between 2 and 28 degrees Celsius. The record high temperature was 42 degrees Celsius and the recorded low was -19 degrees Celsius.
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